A record of major floor votes cast on finance and the public interest during the 119th Congress to date (January 2025 to May 2026)
Introduction
This period was marked by an onslaught of attacks by the Trump administration on rules and oversight put in place to constrain abusive practices and looting by Wall Street, big banks, and predatory finance and fintech companies. Regulators were gutted, workers were fired, enforcement actions were ended, bank supervisors were directed to stand down, and new appointees leading agencies focused on delivering industry wish lists, not protecting consumers, investors or financial stability. The majority in Congress pursued a complementary agenda while families and communities struggled to make ends meet, making them still more vulnerable to predatory financial practices.
This report tracks major bills and joint resolutions in this issue area with recorded votes on the House and Senate floor. During the first session of the 119th Congress, lawmakers voted on a set of measures that eroded consumer and investor protections, enabled cryptocurrency corruption, and provided giveaways to Wall Street and billionaires at the expense of families and communities. In the second session, the majority rejected an effort to restore consumer financial protections. AFR opposed all of the bills in this report voted on in the first session, and supported the resolutions to restore protections in the second; we communicated our positions through public statements, letters of opposition, and/or direct communication with members of Congress and their staff.
Of the seven deregulatory measures tracked below, lawmakers voted five into law. Two passed the House and are pending review by the Senate Banking Committee. All 20 of the resolutions to reinstate consumer protections failed.
This brief is divided into two sections. The first section tabulates all the votes and allows readers to sort them to see which members stood out for voting for consumer and investor protections and a more fair economy and which consistently sided with Wall Street, big banks, and financial firms. The second section offers information on each of the measures tracked. It includes a short description of the legislative measures, the latest congressional action taken in each case, and links to the official record of votes cast, the official text of the proposals, and a letter by AFR or AFR and allies discussing our support or opposition to the measure.
Senate Floor Votes
House Floor Votes
Bill Summaries
1. Making it easier for Wall Street, big banks, and fintech companies to profit by ripping people off
Rolling back critical protections against fraud and abuse on fintech payment platforms
A joint resolution disapproving the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to “Defining Larger Participants of a Market for General-Use Digital Consumer Payment Applications.” S.J. Res. 28.
This resolution overturned the CFPB’s “larger participant rule,” which would have allowed the agency to oversee large tech companies that offer payment platforms and digital wallets, such as PayPal, Venmo, CashApp, and Apple Wallet, and protect their users from fraud, privacy issues, and loss of access.
Nullifying this rule made it easier for big financial tech companies to profit from running platforms that facilitate abuse, fraud, and scams against their most vulnerable users. The Federal Trade Commission reported in 2025 that payment apps or services were the second most common vehicle for payment fraud, costing victims hundreds of millions of dollars a year. The CFPB found that problems with payment apps were one of the fastest growing problems among servicemembers and their families.
S.J. Res. 28 was signed into law on May 9, 2025.
House floor vote no. 95, Senate floor vote no. 106.
| S.J. Res. 28 | |||
| House Floor | Senate Floor | ||
| Yea (219) | Nay (211) | Yea (51) | Nay (47) |
| 219 Republicans | 0 Republicans | 51 Republicans | 1 Republican |
| 0 Democrats | 211 Democrats | 44 Democrats | |
| 2 Independents | |||
A joint resolution disapproving the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to “Overdraft Lending: Very Large Financial Institutions.” S.J. Res. 18.
This resolution overturned the CFPB’s 2024 rule that would have capped overdraft fees at $5, down from an average of $35. The rule was expected to save affected individuals and families $5 billion per year.
S.J. Res. 18 was signed into law on May 9, 2025.
House floor vote no. 96, Senate floor vote no. 153.
| S.J. Res. 18 | |||
| House Floor | Senate Floor | ||
| Yea (217) | Nay (211) | Yea (52) | Nay (48) |
| 217 Republicans | 52 Republicans | 1 Republican | |
| 211 Democrats | 45 Democrats | ||
| 2 Independents | |||
Blocking efforts to restore consumer protections
A set of 20 joint resolutions to block the Trump administration’s rollback of critical CFPB consumer protections and reinstate protections afforded by the CFPB, filed by Senate Democrats. Joint Resolutions.
In 2025, under Trump-appointed acting director Vought, the CFPB rescinded 67 policies designed to protect consumers from unfair, abusive, and deceptive practices by financial firms. In the first few months of 2026, Senate Banking Democrats unveiled a package of 20 Joint Resolutions of Disapproval to restore key rules. These resolutions sought to restore rules that would crack down on discrimination and junk fees, stop Big Tech companies from rewriting the financial system’s rules, prevent predatory practices hidden in the fine print, make homeownership safer and fairer, prevent financial wrongdoing, help states enforce consumer protections, and empower people’s ability to make choices and find jobs, housing, and credit opportunities.
A procedural note: These “resolutions of disapproval,” or “CRAs,” made it to the Senate floor for votes because of special procedures that apply to measures to overturn agency rules within a limited time of their passage. Each of the 20 Joint Resolutions of Disapproval received 30 signatures from Senate Democrats, which allowed them to be discharged straight to the Senate floor, bypassing the standard Committee review process.
AFR supported all of these resolutions.
Three resolutions failed largely along party lines in roll call votes. Seventeen were considered by voice votes per an agreement on floor time between the Majority and Minority Leaders and failed largely along party lines. (Voice votes do not produce a record of how each member voted, but the failed resolutions reflect opposition by the Republican majority.)
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to the withdrawal of the rule relating to “Examinations for Risks to Active-Duty Servicemembers and Their Covered Dependents.” S.J. Res. 132.
This would have protected members of the military and their families by stopping high-cost lending and other harmful practices before they become a widespread problem.
Senate floor vote no. 121.
| S.J. Res. 132 (Senate Floor) | |
| Yea (48) | Nay (52) |
| 1 Republican | 52 Republicans |
| 45 Democrats | |
| 2 Independents | |
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to the withdrawal of the rule relating to “Debt Collection Practices (Regulation F); Deceptive and Unfair Collection of Medical Debt.” S.J. Res. 141.
This would have prevented consumers from being pressured into paying debt they do not owe, which helps keep their credit scores safe and reduces financial stress.
Senate floor vote no. 122.
| S.J. Res. 141 (Senate Floor) | |
| Yea (50) | Nay (50) |
| 3 Republicans | 50 Republicans |
| 45 Democrats | |
| 2 Independents | |
A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to withdrawal of the rule relating to “Consumer Financial Protection Circular 2024-05: Improper Overdraft Opt-In Practices.” S.J. Res. 130.
This would have stopped banks from charging certain junk fees and prevented banks from charging people for services they had not signed up for.
Senate floor vote no. 123.
| S.J. Res. 130 (Senate Floor) | |
| Yea (47) | Nay (53) |
| 0 Republicans | 53 Republicans |
| 45 Democrats | |
| 2 Independents | |
2. Prioritizing Wall Street profits over family economic security, and putting peoples’ hard-earned retirement savings at risk
Incentivizing New Ventures and Economic Strength Through Capital Formation Act of 2025. H.R. 3383.
This bill contains multiple provisions that make it easier for Wall Street to profit at the expense of the economic security of families across the country.
It would allow private equity and similar products to be pushed into the savings and retirement accounts of millions of families. Private equity (PE) investments come with high fees, muddy accounting, and underwhelming results. PE is increasingly having trouble raising money from big institutional investors as a result, and wants to be able to push their worst performing funds onto individuals to save themselves. Meanwhile, PE also takes an extractive approach to the businesses it controls that repeatedly harms workers, consumers and patients.
The legislative package also includes provisions that weaken critical investor protections and disclosures needed for investors, including workers saving for retirement, to make informed decisions and understand the risks they are taking. It would reduce oversight to make it easier for certain securities issuers to mislead investors, prioritize businesses over investor safety, and undermine safeguards against fraud and excess risk-taking. The combined impact would be a dangerous deregulation of capital markets that would risk the retirement savings of millions of families while enriching the financial investment industry and companies looking to raise money with lower levels of transparency and accountability.
H.R. 3383 passed the House and was referred to the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs in December 2025.
House floor vote no. 328.
| H.R. 3383 (House Floor) | |
|---|---|
| Yea (302) | Nay (123) |
| 215 Republicans | |
| 87 Democrats | 123 Democrats |
3. Enabling cryptocurrency corruption and abuse
GENIUS Act. S. 1582
This legislation makes it easier for crypto firms and Big Tech CEOs to issue a form of private money (asset-pegged stablecoins) that are prone to causing multibillion-dollar failures, creating amplified risk, and fostering illicit finance including money laundering and sanction evasion. These companies will now have a powerful new way to profit from surveilling people’s online activity while mixing finance and commerce in ways that would allow them to control an even greater swath of the economy. The legislation integrated risky assets more closely into the rest of the financial system, putting us all at risk. And the legislation gave a green light to continuing Administration crypto corruption: it also failed to include prohibitive language to bar elected officials, including the President and First Family, from issuing and profiteering off stablecoins while in office.
AFR opposed this bill in letters to the House and Senate.
S. 1582 was signed into law on July 18, 2025.
House floor vote no. 200, Senate floor vote no. 318.
| S. 1582 | |||
| House Floor | Senate Floor | ||
| Yea (217) | Nay (211) | Yea (52) | Nay (48) |
| 206 Republicans | 12 Republicans | 50 Republicans | 2 Republicans |
| 102 Democrats | 110 Democrats | 18 Democrats | 26 Democrats |
| 2 Independents | |||
CLARITY Act of 2025. H.R. 3633.
This bill would tie the hands of agencies charged with stopping illegal activity by crypto firms, weaken decades of investor protection law, exempt many crypto companies from oversight, and enable crypto corruption. The changes would make it easier for crypto companies to get away with profiting from risky products and exploitative practices. It also created loopholes so large that both crypto firms and traditional financial firms could exploit these gaps to evade investor protection responsibilities and put people’s financial security at risk, regardless of whether they invest in crypto.
H.R. 3633 passed the House and was referred to the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs in August 2025. Related legislation has been marked up in the Senate Agriculture and Banking Committees, but it has not reached the Senate floor.
House floor vote no. 199.
| H.R. 3633 (House Floor) | |
| Yea (294) | Nay (134) |
| 216 Republicans | |
| 78 Democrats | 134 Democrats |
Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Internal Revenue Service relating to “Gross Proceeds Reporting by Brokers That Regularly Provide Services Effectuating Digital Asset Sales.” H.J. Res. 25.
This resolution made it easier for crypto firms to dodge paying their fair share of taxes by rolling back an IRS rule that pushed them to accurately report profits and proceeds.
H.J. Res. 25 was signed into law on April 10, 2025.
House floor vote no. 71, Senate floor vote no. 151.
| H.J. Res. 25 | |||
| House Floor | Senate Floor | ||
| Yea (292) | Nay (132) | Yea (70) | Nay (28) |
| 216 Republicans | 53 Republicans | ||
| 76 Democrats | 132 Democrats | 17 Democrats | 26 Democrats |
| 2 Independents | |||
4. Giving tax breaks to billionaires
An act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to title II of H. Con. Res. 14. H.R. 1
2025’s reconciliation bill, a major budget and tax overhaul, made severe cuts to critical social safety net programs to benefit wealthy Wall Streeters.
The bill decimated essential programs that people rely on to meet their basic needs and gutted agencies that protect them from corporate abuse, in order to fund giveaways to Wall Street and the ultra-wealthy. By cutting budgets for healthcare assistance programs like Medicaid, nutrition assistance like SNAP, student loan relief, and more, the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act” funded tax breaks that encouraged the predatory and extractive practices of private equity firms and other financial sector titans. The OBBBA widened tax loopholes that allow these Wall Street firms to pursue takeovers that have led to mass layoffs, hospital closures, rent hikes, bankruptcies, and fossil fuel extraction that harms workers, communities, and the planet, and deepens the affordability crisis.
H.R. 1 became law on July 1, 2025.
House floor vote no. 190, Senate floor vote no. 372.
| H.R. 1 | |||
| House Floor | Senate Floor | ||
| Yea (218) | Nay (214) | Yea (50) | Nay (50) |
| 218 Republicans | 2 Republicans | 50 Republicans | 1 Republican |
| 212 Democrats | 47 Democrats | ||
| 2 Independents | |||